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<thesaurus
  dc:URI='http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/dwc/degree_of_establishment/'
  dc:relation='https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#dwc:degreeOfEstablishment'
  dc:title='Darwin Core Degree of Establishment Vocabulary'
  dc:issued='2026-02-12'
  xmlns='http://rs.gbif.org/thesaurus/'
  xmlns:dc='http://purl.org/dc/terms/'
  xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'
  xsi:schemaLocation='http://rs.gbif.org/thesaurus/ http://rs.gbif.org/schema/thesaurus.xsd'>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='native'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d001'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d001'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Not transported beyond limits of native range.'
    comments='Considered native and naturally occurring. See also &quot;category A&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='native (category A)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='původní (kategorie A)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='einheimisch' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='nativo (categoría A)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='indigène (catégorie A)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='토착' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='原生（類別 A）' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='captive'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d002'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d002'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals in captivity or quarantine (i.e., individuals provided with conditions suitable for them, but explicit measures of containment are in place).'
    comments='See also &quot;category B1&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='captive (category B1)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='v zajetí (kategorie B1)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='gefangen' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='en cautividad (categoría B1)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='captif (catégorie B1)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='포획' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='收容（類別 B1）' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='cultivated'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d003'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d003'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals in cultivation (i.e., individuals provided with conditions suitable for them, but explicit measures to prevent dispersal are limited at best).'
    comments='Examples include gardens, parks and farms. See also &quot;category B2&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='cultivated (category B2)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='pěstované (kategorie B2)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='gezüchtet' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='cultivado (categoría B2)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='cultivé (catégorie B2)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='경작' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='栽培' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='released'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d004'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d004'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals directly released into novel environment.'
    comments='For example, fish stocked for angling, birds for hunting. See also &quot;category B3&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='released (category B3)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='vypuštěn (kategorie B3)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='ausgesetzt' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='liberado (categoría B3)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='relâché (catégorie B3)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='방출' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='野放' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='failing'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d005'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d005'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals released outside of captivity or cultivation in a location, but incapable of surviving for a significant period.'
    comments='For example, frost-tender plants sown or planted in a cold climate. See also &quot;category C0&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='failing (category C0)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='neúspěšný (kategorie C0)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='erfolglos' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='en peligro (categoría C0)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='échec (catégorie C0)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='실패' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='衰退中' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='casual'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d006'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d006'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals surviving outside of captivity or cultivation in a location with no reproduction.'
    comments='Trees planted in the wild for forestry or ornament may come under this category. See also &quot;category C1&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='casual (category C1)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='běžný (kategorie C1)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='unbeständig' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='ocasional (categoría C1)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='moyen (catégorie C1)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='임시' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='偶然出現的' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='reproducing'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d007'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d007'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals surviving outside of captivity or cultivation in a location. Reproduction is occurring, but population not self-sustaining.'
    comments='Offspring are produced, but these either do not survive or are not fertile enough to maintain the population. See also &quot;category C2&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='reproducing (category C2)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='rozmnožující se (kategorie C2)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='fortpflanzend' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='en reprodución (categoría C2)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='reproduction (catégorie C2)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='재생산' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='繁殖中' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='established'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d008'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d008'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Individuals surviving outside of captivity or cultivation in a location. Reproduction occurring, and population self-sustaining.'
    comments='The population is maintained by reproduction, but is not spreading. See also &quot;category C3&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='established (category C3)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='zaveden (kategorie C3)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='etabliert' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='establecida (categoría C3)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='implanté (catégorie C3)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='정착' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='歸化' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='colonising'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d009'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d009'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Self-sustaining population outside of captivity or cultivation, with individuals surviving a significant distance from the original point of introduction.'
    comments='The population is maintained by reproduction and is spreading. See also &quot;category D1&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='colonising (category D1)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='kolonizující (kategorie D1)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='kolonisierend' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='colonizadora (categoría D1)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='colonisant (catégorie D1)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='서식' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='拓殖中' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='invasive'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d010'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d010'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Self-sustaining population outside of captivity or cultivation, with individuals surviving and reproducing a significant distance from the original point of introduction.'
    comments='The population is maintained by reproduction, is spreading, and its progeny are also reproducing and spreading. See also &quot;category D2&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='invasive (category D2)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='invazívní (kategorie D2)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='invasiv' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='invasivo (categoría D2)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='envahissant (catégorie D2)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='침입' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='入侵' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

  <concept
    dc:identifier='widespreadInvasive'
    dc:URI='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d011'
    dc:subject='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d011'
    dc:relation='https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084'
    dc:issued='2020-10-13'
    dc:description='Fully invasive species, with individuals dispersing, surviving and reproducing at multiple sites across a spectrum of habitats and geographic range.'
    comments='See also &quot;category E&quot; in Blackburn et al. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.03.023'>
    <preferred>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='widespread invasive (category E)' xml:lang='en'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='rozšířená invazivní (kategorie E)' xml:lang='cs'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='verbreitet invasiv' xml:lang='de'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='invasivo generalizado (categoría E)' xml:lang='es'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='largement envahissant (catégorie E)' xml:lang='fr'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='광범위한 침입' xml:lang='ko'/>
      <term dc:source='Darwin Core' dc:title='廣泛入侵' xml:lang='zh'/>
    </preferred>
  </concept>

</thesaurus>
